![]() ![]() risk of bias) of the study designs of the included randomized controlled trials was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool, case-control studies and cohort studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and cross-sectional studies, case series reports, and expert opinion using the Joanna Briggs Institute criteria. Literature other than case series reports and expert opinion was systematically evaluated. Systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, observational studies (cohort studies, case-control studies, cross-sectional studies, case series reports, etc.) and expert opinion were included. The Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases were systematically searched with the terms “burns, scald, first aid, infection, surgical, surgery, debridement, skin grafting, dressing, wound, wound management, etc.” The search period was from the establishment of the database to December 31, 2022. Systematic literature review and level of evidence determination This provides a basis for decision-making with strong operability and practicability for standardizing the diagnosis, classification and treatment of second-degree burn wounds Figure 1. Finally, we have integrated the content of the four sections and developed a treatment protocol for second-degree burn wounds. ![]() In addition, we have established grading and diagnostic criteria for burn wound infection, classifying the severity of wound infection as mild, moderate or severe based on the local and systemic clinical manifestations of the burn wound or the invasion of tissue, developed a treatment protocol for second-degree burn wounds. Notably, to further standardize clinical terminology and develop treatment plans, we have further graded deep second-degree burn wounds into shallow deep second-degree and profound deep second-degree burn wounds in the process of guideline formulation for the first time. This consensus develops a set of operational clinical practice guidelines in four areas: pre-hospital first aid, non-surgical treatment, surgical treatment, and infection treatment. Therefore, we aimed to develop clinical consensus for the treatment of small- to medium-sized burn wounds caused by thermal factors, combining evidence from evidence-based medicine and expert opinions to establish standardized clinical treatment plans and provide reference opinions for health care professionals involved in burn care. However, many variations still exist in the treatment of deep second-degree burn wounds, including the manner of conservative dressing change, choice of external dressings or medications, and indication and timing of surgery, which requires not only consideration of the different outcomes that may arise from the dressing changes or surgical treatments themselves but also an evaluation of factors such as burn site, patient age and burn area. Timely and reasonable prehospital first aid and appropriate wound treatment after admission are essential in preventing wound deepening. ![]() Second-degree burn wounds often exhibit dynamic changes in the early postburn period, which is not only determined by their pathophysiological characteristics but is also closely related to wound intervention and other factors. Our initial data indicated that second-degree burns account for 85.4% of all burn cases, of which 56.3% are burns of less than 10% of the total body surface area (TBSA). In clinical practice, the most common type of burn is a second-degree burn. The current consensus generated a total of 58 recommendations, aiming to form a standardized clinical treatment plan.īurns are the fourth leading cause of injury worldwide, following car accidents, falls and interpersonal violence. This consensus provides specific recommendations on prehospital first aid, nonsurgical treatment, surgical treatment and infection treatment for second-degree burns. Therefore, we developed the Consensus on the Treatment of Second-Degree Burn Wounds (2024 edition), based on evidence-based medicine and expert opinion. Moreover, currently, there are relatively few guidelines or expert consensus for the management of second-degree burn wounds, and no comprehensive and systematic guidelines or specifications for the treatment of second-degree burns have been formed. This not only poses great challenges to the formulation of clinical treatment plans but also significantly affects the consistency of clinical studies. Meanwhile, special attention should be given to the fact that there is no unified standard or specification for the diagnosis, classification, surgical procedure, and infection diagnosis and grading of second-degree burn wounds. Their treatment requires not only a consideration of the different outcomes that may arise from the dressing changes or surgical therapies themselves but also an evaluation of factors such as the burn site, patient age and burn area. Second-degree burns are the most common type of burn in clinical practice and hard to manage. ![]()
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